Which of the following individuals opposed Booker T. Washington and advocated for social and political integration for African Americans?

W.E.B. Du Bois is recognized for his opposition to Booker T. Washington's approach to racial issues in the United States. While Washington advocated for a strategy of vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans, promoting the idea of gradual integration through hard work and patience, Du Bois argued for immediate social and political integration. He believed that African Americans should demand their civil rights and pursue higher education to create a "Talented Tenth" that would lead the fight against racial discrimination and inequalities.

Du Bois was a co-founder of the Niagara Movement in 1905, which called for a more aggressive stance against segregation and disenfranchisement, laying the foundation for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1909. His emphasis on civil liberties and civil rights was a stark contrast to Washington's more conciliatory approach, positioning him as a leading figure in the fight for social justice for African Americans.

Ida B. Wells was a prominent anti-lynching activist and journalist, while Rosa Parks became famous later in the civil rights movement for her role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Langston Hughes was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance, focusing on African American culture and identity rather than direct political