Which African American leader in the 1920s advocated for the mass migration back to Africa?

The correct answer is Marcus Garvey, who was a prominent African American leader in the 1920s and is best known for advocating for Black nationalism and the idea of a mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which emphasized the importance of pride in Black identity and promoted economic independence and self-sufficiency among Black people.

He believed that returning to Africa was essential for African Americans to escape systemic racism, discrimination, and social injustices in the United States. Garvey's vision included the establishment of a strong, independent nation for people of African descent in Africa, which he termed the Back to Africa movement. His ideas resonated with many African Americans who sought a solution to the racial inequalities in America and looked for a way to reclaim their heritage.

While W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were also influential African American leaders during this time, their approaches focused on civil rights and education rather than a call for mass migration. Du Bois emphasized the need for the African American community to pursue higher education and civil rights through political engagement, while Washington advocated for vocational education and self-help within the socio-economic framework of the United States. Langston Hughes, on the other hand